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Excursions in ST.PETERSBURG and MOSCOW

The Alexander Nevsky Lavra is a place of attraction in St. Petersburg. Established by the order of the Peter the Great, in 1710, the monastery became one of the first buildings of the Russian Northern capital together with Peter-and-Paul Fortress. Russian and foreign architects participated in creating the ensemble of Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Among those who took part in designing and constructing its churches were such eminent architects as Domenico Trezini, Peter Eropkin, Michael Zemtsov, and sculptor F. Shubin, and many others. There are three cemeteries in the Lavra named after the churches situated on its territory: Lazarevskoye, Tihvinskoye, and Nikolskoye cemeteries. Suvorov, Lomonosov, Dostoevsky, and Tchaikovsky are buried here.
The Arbat located between Arbatskie Vorota Square and Smolenskaya Square is one of the most famous streets in Moscow. The Arbat is one of the symbols of old Moscow, which was celebrated in poems and songs. Today the Arbat is the name of a pedestrian street, but actually the Arbat is the whole district of Moscow that marked its 500th birthday in 1993.
Say goodbye to Moscow with a boat tour through the city. In summer, boat tours are pleasant and relaxing, and this alternative view of the city is charming. The towers of the Kremlin, as well as other significant architectural monuments, will peak over the treetops. Stand on the open-air deck and use your last roll of film to snap pictures of the buildings on the river’s banks.
There are more than 70 rivers and canals in the city with around 400 bridges across them. All the bridges over the Neva are raised to allow large vessels pass through at night between April and October, when the river is navigable. At that same time various pleasure boats ply around St. Petersburg - so following different routes one can see city's main sights from the water. The looming silhouettes of the bridges, the grandeur of the waterways, the granite embankments with their various piers and slipways, the 18th and 19th century palaces and parks on the banks of the Neva and the canals, architectural landmarks in the form of the domes and spires of churches and cathedrals, visible from a long way off - all this contributes to the unique appearance of the "Venice of the North", one of the world's most beautiful cities.
The main religious attraction of Moscow is the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. On December 25, 1812 Russian Emperor Alexander I signed an order, according to which it was supposed to build a temple dedicated to Russia's victory over Napoleon in Moscow. The new temple was to symbolize the feat of Russian people.
The building of the Church of Our Saviour on Spilt Blood is constructed in the style of the XVI century Moscow architecture. It was build in the end of the XIX century on the very place where Russian Emperor Alexander II was deadly wounded by members of the revolutionary movement, on March1, 1881. The church is known all around the world for its internal and external artwork. The walls of the church are decorated with 7 thousand square meters of mosaics. The church was severely damaged during the Second World War. It was under reconstruction for a very long period of time, and only in 1997 it was opened for visitors again.
The Dostoyevsky Museum is a memorial museum of the famous Russian writer F. Dostoyevsky. It was opened in 1971. This is the building were Dostoyevsky’s last apartment was situated. Here he wrote his famous book “The Karamazov Brothers”. The interiors of the apartment were reconstructed based on archive documents. The collection of the museum includes unique, genuine items that used to belong to the writer himself.
GUM, just off of Red Square, is Moscow's most famous shopping center. As the facade that faces into Red Square has maintained its 19th century appearance, it's easy to pass it by if you don't know it's there. The variety of shops contained within are a testament to how far Russia has come since Soviet days. You'll find all manner of boutique represented in GUM. If you just want to window shop, buy an ice cream from one of the vendors and browse at your leisure.
Hermitage is one of the largest museums in the world after the Louvre, in Paris, and National Gallery, in London. The Hermitage collection includes over 3 million exponents from prehistoric times to modern days. It was established in 1764 by Russian Empires Catherin the Great. She gave an order to build a palace to accommodate her collection of western European art. Now the permanent exposition is set in five buildings (the Winter Palace, the Small Hermitage, the Old Hermitage, and the Hermitage Theatre) that form an amazing architectural ensemble. The interiors of the museum were decorated by outstanding architects and sculptors of the XVIII and XIX centuries. Many rooms where magnificent ceremonies were held are preserved in its initial state. The Hermitage collection includes real masterpieces of greatest artists and sculptors of the world, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Rafael, Rembrandt, Monet, and Paulo Picasso
 IZMAYLOVO Market is the main souvenir market of Moscow, and here is where you can find all things Russian at all prices. Folk crafts, jewelry, antiques, chess sets, and anything else “Russian” will tempt you in any variety and color. Getting there is easy, too—just look on any metro map and find the Izmaylovsky stop. Once you exit the subway, any passer-by can point you in the direction of the souvenir market.
 Kitai-Gorod is one of the oldest historical parts of Moscow. It joins the Kremlin from the east side, and Moscow River - from the south side. In the north it borders with Okhotny Ryad, and in the north-east - with Old and New squares. The south part of Kitai-Gorod is the oldest one. It is well known that in the 11th century it had already been inhabited.
 The Novodevichy Convent, located in the south-west of Moscow, is an outstanding monument of architecture of the 16th-17th centuries. The most attractive construction of the Novodevichy Convent ensemble is the Smolensky Cathedral, or the Cathedral of Our Lady of Smolensk Icon. It was built at the same time when the convent was founded.  
 Pavlovsk is a superb park ensemble of the end of the XVII—beginning of the XX centuries, which was a Summer residence of the Russian Emperor Paul I and his family. The picturesque park with various pavilions occupies the territory of 600 hectares. The items in the collection of the Pavlovsky Palace are closely related to its owners’ travelling around the world. Paul I and his wife visited famous artists, ordered and purchased paintings, pieces of furniture, bronze statues, silk fabrics, sets of china, etc. They added ancient Italian sculptures to the great Russian collection. And now all these pieces of art are exhibited in the rooms of the Palace.
 The Peter-and-Paul Fortress is the first building of St. Petersburg. It was built here under the order of Peter the Great to protect these lands form Sweden during the war that lasted for 21 years and became known as the Northern War. The foundation day of the fortress, which is May 27, 1703, became the Birthday of the whole city. The architect of the fortress was Domenico Trezini who was the first architect of the city. For a long time the fortress was used as a political prison. The architectural centre of the ensemble of the Fortress is the Peter-and-Paul Cathedral. This Cathedral is the place of burial of Russian Emperors from the times of Peter the Great. In 1998, remains of the last Russian Emperor, Nicolas II, and his family were buried in the Cathedral.
Peterhof is the gem of Russian art, city of parks, palaces and fountains. It was built under the order of Peter the Great to commemorate Russian victory over Sweden in the Northern War. The architectural ensemble of Peterhof may be compared to that of Versailles, Summer residence of French kings. Previously Peterhof used to be a fashionable Summer residence of Russian emperors. The centre of the ensemble is the Great Palace. Three monumental cascades lead from the Great Palace to the Lower Park, which is a real masterpiece with 173 fountains located on its territory.
Pushkin is a unique architectural landmark. The Amber Room given to Peter the Great by Prussian king, in 1716, known as the Eighth Wonder of the World is located in this Palace. The amber decorations of the room missing since 1945 are now reconstructed by Russian gem stone cutters. The Tsarskoye Selo Park was the favourite place of Russian Tzars, where they were spending their leisure time. Paths around the Catherine Palace invite for a walk to see the pavilions of the Park built by famous Russian architects and sculptors. To the North from the Catherine Palace is the amazing Alexander Palace built by the Catherine's order for her grand-son Alexander, the future Russian Emperor Alexander II.
Red Square is a large open square in the center of Moscow. It is located in front of the Kremlin's western wall. The square is fenced in the State Historical Museum building, the GUM building, and St. Basil Cathedral. For many centuries Red Square has served as the place for important historical events. Red Square was founded at the end of the 15th century. There you can watch the changing of the guard at the Eternal Flame or visit Lenin’s Tomb (be prepared to stand in line for more than an hour for an “attraction” that is less impressive than it sounds). If St. Basil’s Cathedral is open, explore it—it is as beautiful on the inside as it is the outside. A final suggestion for Red Square: visit it in the quietude of the evening and experience it without the tourists. It’s magical!
 Get a panoramic view of Moscow from Sparrow Hills. This vantage point allows you to get a good look at the expanse of the city. Perfect for photographs, a romantic moment, or jotting down thoughts in your travel journal.
 St. Basil Cathedral is one of the most outstanding monuments of Old Russian architecture. In the 16th century the tourists admired the beauty of the cathedral, and for the Russians it became the symbol of native history and culture. St. Basil Cathedral is a symmetrical architectural ensemble consisting of eight chapels surrounding the ninth one.
 St. Isaac’s Cathedral is the largest cathedral in the city. It is also one of the largest one-dome cathedrals of the world after St. Peter Cathedral, in Rome, and St. Paul Cathedral, in London. It was designed by French architect A. Monferan. The construction of the cathedral took 40 years. It is decorated with picturesque mosaics, amazing wall-paintings, and gilded statues. The cathedral is surrounded by 112 monolith granite columns brought here from the suburbs of St. Petersburg. Since the second half of the XIX century St. Isaac's Cathedral was the main cathedral church of the city. Now it is just a museum, but the main religious holidays are celebrated here.
 The best way to feel the unique spirit of St. Petersburg is to look at the city at night. St. Petersburg is a flourishing modern city that stays awake 24 hours round. A comfortable bus will take you through the centre of the city which is remarkably attractive at night and is especially romantic in the period of White Nights, and during Winter when seen in the electric lights. St. Petersburg is also known as “the City of Bridges”. All bridges over the Neva River are drawbridges. This means that at night they are being drawn to allow large passenger and cargo vessels to go up the river to the Ladoga Lake. This is a magnificent scene especially in the period of White Nights lasting from May till July, when nights become as bright as day.
 The Imperial Porcelain Manufactory (also known as Lomonosov Manufactory) is the first Russian manufactory that was established in St. Petersburg under the order of Empires Elizabeth, in 1744. This manufactory is the only one in Russia producing thin English porcelain. The museum, established in 1844, exhibits remarkable samples of the XVII century porcelain.  
The State Russian Museum is called the home of treasures of Russian art. It is the first museum that exhibits a collection of pieces of Russian art and culture that includes over 4 thousand exponents. It was opened in 1898. The museum is located in one of the most beautiful squares of St. Petersburg, the Arts Square, in the building of the Mikhailovsky Palace. The building was constructed in the beginning of the XIX century for Grand Duke Michael, son of Russian Emperor Paul I. This is where the name is derived from. The museum possesses a unique collection of paintings from avantgardism to realism. Here you can enjoy the works of artists, sculptors of the XVII - XX centuries, and pieces of folk art.
The State Tretrakov Gallery has the best collection of Russian art. The likenesses of Catherine the Great and Pushkin will confront you in its galleries. Larger-than-life social commentaries from the 19th century will make your skin prickle with their messages. Repin, Vrubel, Kandinsky, Chagall, and many more Russian artists are represented here—open any book on Russian art and most of the significant pieces will be hanging in the Tretyakov.
 The Kremlin at the center of Moscow is an outstanding historical and architectural monument that serves as a symbol for the whole Russia. The Moscow Kremlin that originally was made of wood was mentioned in the chronicles in 1156 as "Moscow fortress". At that time it occupied only the south-western part of the Borovitsky Hill. Once inside, you can visit Cathedral Square, whose historic cathedrals were worshiped in by the tsars and their families. Also on display are the Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon, two immobile monuments to the grandeur of Russia past.
Moscow's Victory Park memorializes the Great Patriotic War, otherwise known as World War II. This war took a huge toll on Russia, and elderly Russians are revered for having survived this difficult time. You'll find WWII memorials all over Russia, but Victory Park is Moscow's home for these monuments, sculptures, fountains, and obelisks.
 The Yusupovsky Palace is one of the most magnificent palaces of St. Petersburg. It is a unique architectural monument that is historically closely connected to aristocracy, eminent architects, and artists of the XIX and XX centuries. It used to belong to the famous Yusupovs family. The palace is also known as the place of Rasputin’s assassination, in December 1916.
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